Nanoelectronics and its Application

 INTRODUCTION

Nanoelectronics refer to the  use  of nanotechnology in electronic components. the  section  covers  a  diverse  set  of  devices  and  materials,  with  the  common characteristic  that  they  are  so  small  that  inter-atomic  interactions  and quantum mechanical properties  need  to  be  used extensively.  Some of  these  include: hybrid molecular/semiconductor electronics,  one-dimensional  nanotubes/nanowires,  or advanced  molecular electronics.

Nanoelectronic Devices

Nanotechnology Makes many Nanoelectronic digital devices such as:
  • Nano Transistors
  • Nano Memory
  • Nano Diodes
  • Nano Sensors
  • Quantum Computers 
Nanolithography  is  used  for fabrication of chips. The transistors are  made of  nanowires, that  are assembled on glass or thin films of flexible plastic. E-paper, displays on sunglasses and map on car windshields.

Nanoelectronic Transistors

Nanoelectronic  Transistors  made using  Current  high-technology  production processes are  based  on traditional  top down  strategies, where  nanotechnology has already  been  introduced  silently.  The  critical  length  scale  of integrated  circuits is already at  the nanoscale (50 nm and below) regarding the gate length of transistors in CPUs or DRAM devices. 



In 1999, the CMOS transistor developed at the Laboratory for Electronics and Information Technology in Grenoble, France, tested the limits of the principles of the MOSFET transistor with a diameter of 18nm (approximately 70 atoms placed side by side). This was almost one tenth the size of the smallest industrial transistor in 2003 (130 nm in 2003, 90 nm in 2004, 65 nm in 2005 and 45 nm in 2007).

Nano Robotics

 A  nanorobot  is  a  tiny  machine  designed  to  perform  a  specific  task  or tasks repeatedly and with precision at nanoscale dimensions, that is, dimensions of a few nanometer s (nm) or less, where 1 nm = 10 -9 meter. 




They are nanodevices that will be used for the purpose of maintaining and protecting the human body against pathogens. The joint use of nanoelectronics, photolithography, and new biomaterials provides a possible  approach  to  manufacturing  nanorobots  for common  medical  applications, such  as  for  surgical  instrumentation,  diagnosis  and  drug  delivery.  Potential applications for nanorobotics in medicine include early diagnosis and targeted  drug-delivery for cancer.

Multiplexers

A multiplexer is a device for converting many data streams into one single data stream, which is then divided into the separate data streams on the other side with a demultiplexer. The main benefit is cost savings, since only one physical link will be needed, instead of many physical links. In nanooptics, multiplexers will have many applications. They can be used as part of a communication network, as well as utilized on a smaller scale for various modern scientific instruments



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